In Article III we see that federal judicial power lies in the Supreme Court and inferior federal courts establishes. It extends to cases arising under the Constitution, U.S. laws, U.S. treaties or maritime matters, cases in which the U.S. is a party, and cases between an American and a foreigner; in all these cases it has appellate jurisdiction. (However, the 7th Amendment secured the right to trial by jury in civil cases where amounts at stake exceed $20.) The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign service officers or in which a state is a party. All criminal cases are to be tried by jury.
Article III also defines treason: levying war against the U.S. or adhering to or giving aid and comfort to the enemy. Congress declares the punishment of treason.
